Ayurveda is one of the world’s oldest forms of holistic medicine and still widely used today. Combining physical, psychological, and spiritual health, Ayurveda focuses on whole-body healing and states that a person’s dosha is the dynamic principle that determines their personality and health.
Ayurvedic medicine is based on the idea that the world is made up of five elements — aakash (space), jala (water), prithvi (earth), teja (fire), and vayu (air).
A combination of each element results in three humors, or doshas, known as vata, kapha, and pitta. These doshas are believed to be responsible for a person’s physiological, mental, and emotional health.
There is no scientific evidence to support the existence of doshas.
However, proponents of Ayurveda claim that adopting dosha-specific health practices leads to balance and well-being.
Every person is said to have a unique ratio of each dosha, usually with one standing out more than the others. For example, a person may be mostly pitta while another may be mostly vata. An Ayurvedic practitioner can help you determine your dosha.
A person’s unique ratio of vata, kapha, and pitta is said to define their Ayurvedic constitution, a blueprint to achieve optimal health.
Though there’s little evidence to prove the legitimacy of doshas, many proponents of Ayurveda point to a lack of studies and funding on the subject. Rather than discrediting the practice, they believe more research should be done to support its efficacy.
Based on centuries of Ayurvedic practice, an Ayurvedic practitioner can determine one’s dosha based on physical, emotional, mental, and behavioral characteristics. Here’s a general overview of each dosha.
Vata
Vata consists mostly of the two elements air and space (also known as ether) and is generally described as cold, light, dry, rough, flowing, and spacious. Autumn represents vata for its cool, crisp days.
Those with the vata dosha are usually described as slim, energetic, and creative. They’re known for thinking outside the box but can become easily distracted. What’s more, their mood is highly dependent on the weather, people around them, and foods they eat.
According to Ayurveda, for optimal health, a vata-dominant person should follow a regular daily routine, manage stress through meditation and other calming activities, and maintain a warm body temperature by avoiding cold weather and consuming warm foods and drinks.
Kapha
Kapha (pronounced “kuffa”) is based on earth and water. It can be described as steady, stable, heavy, slow, cold, and soft. Spring is known as kapha season, as many parts of the world slowly exit hibernation.
People with this dosha are described as strong, thick-boned, and caring. They’re known for keeping things together and being a support system for others. Kapha-dominant people rarely get upset, think before acting, and go through life in a slow, deliberate manner.
For good health, a kapha-dominant person should focus on regular exercise, a healthy diet, maintain a warm body temperature (e.g., by sitting in a sauna or eating warm food), and establish a regular sleep routine.
Pitta
Known for being associated with a tenacious personality, the pitta dosha is based on fire and water. It’s commonly described as hot, light, sharp, oily, liquid, and mobile. Summer is known as pitta season for its sunny, hot days.
People with pitta are said to usually have a muscular build, be very athletic, and serve as strong leaders. They’re highly motivated, goal-oriented, and competitive. Still, their tenacious nature can sometimes lead to conflict.
Those with a pitta-dominant dosha should focus on work-life balance and avoid extreme heat (e.g., weather, spicy food).
Despite many self-reported success stories, there’s very little evidence linking a balanced dosha to good health.
Despite this, Ayurvedic medicine believes “like attracts like,” as well as that opposites help a person achieve balance and harmony. For each dosha, there are recommended foods, exercises, and lifestyle practices to achieve balance.
Diet
Though limited evidence supports the idea, following an Ayurvedic diet based on a person’s dosha is believed to help them balance their dosha and achieve optimal health.
| Dosha | Foods to eat | Foods to avoid |
|---|---|---|
| Vata | warm, “moist”, and soft foods (e.g., berries, bananas, peaches, cooked vegetables, oats, brown rice, lean meat, eggs, dairy) | bitter, dried, and cold foods (e.g., raw vegetables, cold desserts, dried fruit, nuts, seeds) |
| Kapha | spicy, acidic, and filling foods (e.g., most fruits and vegetables, whole grains, eggs, low fat cheese, unprocessed meats, hot spices) | heavy, “fatty” foods (e.g., fats, oils, processed foods, nuts, seeds) |
| Pitta | light, cold, sweet, and energizing foods (e.g., fruits, non-starchy vegetables, oats, eggs) | heavy, spicy, and sour foods (e.g., red meat, potatoes, hot spices) |
When a person feels unbalanced, it’s recommended they avoid foods that are similar to their dosha. Moreover, it’s suggested that a person may need to change their diet based on the seasons, such as by eating warm foods in the winter.
Although many people report they feel better on an Ayurvedic diet, no studies show that it helps balance one’s dosha, nor that digestion changes based on the time of year.
Though most foods recommended on the diet are beneficial to health, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and minimally processed foods, it’s important to work with a healthcare professional when making big changes to your diet.
Exercise
Depending on your unique dosha, your Ayurvedic practitioner may recommend specific types of exercise:
- Vata. Due to their “on-the-go” nature, those with vata-dominant doshas should focus on activities that involve constant movement, such as cycling, running, walking, yoga, tai chi, etc.
- Kapha. Kapha doshas work best with a workout buddy and should focus on a combination of cardio and weight-resistance exercise to stay interested and motivated. Any type of movement is beneficial for this group.
- Pitta. Pitta doshas tend to push themselves too hard and should avoid exercising in the heat. Team sports are an excellent way to stay active while satisfying pitta’s natural competitiveness.
Most research on exercise and Ayurveda surrounds slow, gentle movements, such as yoga. These exercises have been shown to have numerous health benefits, such as improved quality of life, physical fitness, and stress management.
Though choosing certain types of exercise based on your personality and sensitivities may make sense theoretically, no research proves that doing so is effective.
Lifestyle practices
Ayurvedic medicine encourages whole-body healing, which includes physical, mental, and emotional health. This can include practices like:
- yoga
- meditation
- mindful eating
- sleep hygiene
- spending time by yourself and with others
- managing your work-life balance
In particular, it’s recommended to have a daily routine that encompasses these healthy lifestyle practices. In Ayurveda, a regular routine is believed to keep you in sync with the elements and promote good health.
While no evidence supports lifestyle habits based on personal doshas, incorporating these healthy habits into your daily routine is still encouraged.
Ayurvedic medicine is widely used today for its focus on whole-body healing.
According to Ayurveda, an imbalanced dosha leads to poor health and disease. Therefore, opting for food, exercise, and lifestyle habits based on your dosha is believed to promote optimal health and balance.
Many proponents of Ayurveda claim that good health is based on one’s dosha, yet there’s little evidence to support this.
While research on the Ayurvedic doshas is lacking, incorporating the many healthy lifestyle habits of Ayurveda into your routine is a great way to promote good health.
