Fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and legumes are not only rich in vitamins and minerals but also contain a range of plant compounds that benefit your health.

Anthocyanin is one such example. This antioxidant of the flavonoid family is purported to reduce inflammation and protect you from conditions like cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes.

You may want to know how to get this compound in your diet.

This article explains what anthocyanin is, plus its health benefits and the foods and drinks that contain it.

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Anthocyanins are a group of antioxidants found in red, purple, and blue fruits and vegetables (1Trusted Source).

They belong to the flavonoid family — the same family as the antioxidants found in wine, tea, and dark chocolate (2Trusted Source).

Flavonoids are part of a larger group of antioxidants known as polyphenols, which are believed to help prevent or treat health conditions connected to inflammation and oxidative stress. These conditions include cancer, heart disease, and age-related mental decline (3Trusted Source, 4Trusted Source).

Foods containing anthocyanins have been used in natural remedies for generations. Studies increasingly support their purported health benefits (1Trusted Source).

Anthocyanins extracted from plants are also commonly used as dyes, natural food colorants, and food additives. For instance, the commercial additive E163 is most commonly derived from grape skin and used to add a purple color to jam, candies, and beverages (1Trusted Source).

Summary

Anthocyanins are a group of antioxidants found in red, purple, and blue veggies and fruits. They’re commonly used as natural dyes but may also provide health benefits.

Red, purple, and blue fruits and vegetables typically boast the highest amount of anthocyanins. The following foods contain the most anthocyanins per 3.5 ounces (100 grams) (5Trusted Source):

  • Mulberries: 1.4–704 mg
  • Black chokeberries: 46–558 mg
  • Black elderberries: 17–463 mg
  • Black currants: 25–305 mg
  • Sweet cherries: 7–143 mg
  • Blackberries: 10–139 mg
  • Lingonberries: 4–49 mg
  • Strawberries: 4–48 mg
  • Sour cherries: 3–44 mg
  • Red raspberries: 5–38 mg
  • Black grapes: 3–39 mg
  • Plums: 5–34 mg
  • Blueberries: 11–26 mg
  • Black beans: 1–15 mg
  • Red currants: 2–11 mg
  • Red wine: 4–10 mg
  • Red onions: 7 mg

Other anthocyanin-rich foods include purple corn, pomegranate, eggplant, black carrots, red cabbage, and purple cauliflower, which may provide anywhere from a few to 200–300 mg per 3.5 ounces (100 grams) (6Trusted Source).

The anthocyanin content of these foods varies so widely because growing area, climate, season, light exposure, harvest time, and storing temperature all affect antioxidant content (6Trusted Source).

Amounts may also depend on whether foods are fresh, frozen, or dried — the last of which typically has the lowest anthocyanin content (7Trusted Source).

To maximize your intake of anthocyanins from these foods, eat them raw and at their ripest if possible.

Summary

Red, blue, and purple produce is generally the richest in anthocyanins. Raw, ripe varieties tend to have the highest amounts due to variability in this nutrient.

Anthocyanins have antioxidant properties, meaning that they fight damaging compounds called free radicals.

When free radicals accumulate in your body, they cause oxidative stress. In turn, this oxidative stress leads to inflammation and may increase your risk of chronic ailments, such as cancer and heart disease (3Trusted Source, 4Trusted Source).

Antioxidants like anthocyanins thus help reduce oxidative stress and disease risk.

May reduce inflammation

Anthocyanins are also believed to help reduce inflammation (3Trusted Source, 4Trusted Source).

In a 12-week study in 169 people with high cholesterol, supplementing with 320 mg of anthocyanins twice per day significantly reduced markers of inflammation (8Trusted Source).

Plus, in a 4-week study, people with and without overweight or obesity who took 320 mg of anthocyanins daily had significantly lower blood markers of inflammation (9).

Additionally, one study suggests that these compounds may help reduce inflammation and pain in people with inflammatory arthritis (10Trusted Source).

Since chronic inflammation may cause several chronic conditions, including type 2 diabetes and heart disease, regularly eating anthocyanin-rich foods may help protect you from these (11Trusted Source).

May protect against type 2 diabetes

Regularly eating foods that are rich in anthocyanins may safeguard against type 2 diabetes.

In fact, one review suggests that people who regularly eat these foods have a 15% lower risk of this condition. Furthermore, adding as little as 7.5 mg of anthocyanins to your daily diet may reduce your risk of type 2 diabetes by 5% (12Trusted Source).

To put this into perspective, 7.5 mg of anthocyanins amounts to an additional 1–2 ounces (30–60 grams) of berries, cherries, eggplant, or red cabbage each day (5Trusted Source, 6Trusted Source).

In addition, several human studies suggest that anthocyanins may reduce inflammation and improve glucose tolerance, which is your body’s ability to manage high blood sugar levels. Both of these benefits may reduce your risk of type 2 diabetes (11Trusted Source).

A few studies further suggest that anthocyanin supplements may improve your body’s ability to recognize and use insulin, thereby preventing blood sugar levels from spiking. However, other studies find no effect (11Trusted Source, 13Trusted Source).

Despite promising results, further human studies are needed.

May reduce your risk of certain cancers

Few studies have examined the anticancer effects of anthocyanins specifically.

However, anthocyanins are classified as flavonoids, a group of antioxidants believed to have strong cancer-fighting abilities (14Trusted Source, 15Trusted Source).

In fact, the evidence behind flavonoids’ anticancer benefits is strong enough to have led to natural cancer treatments being developed based on these antioxidants.

These alternative treatments are less aggressive than conventional cancer drugs and appear to be especially helpful when combined with chemotherapy (14Trusted Source).

Like other flavonoids, anthocyanins may fight free radicals, lower inflammation, and prevent DNA damage — all factors which may help prevent tumor formation (16Trusted Source).

Anthocyanins may also help prevent cancer cells from multiplying and spreading. For instance, one test-tube study suggests that they may activate certain genes that kill prostate cancer cells (17Trusted Source).

Anthocyanins also appear effective at preventing leukemia and ovarian cancer cells from spreading. What’s more, a review of several studies further suggests that these compounds may reduce your risk of skin cancer (14Trusted Source, 18Trusted Source, 19Trusted Source).

Keep in mind that most studies have been done exclusively in test tubes or animals. Therefore, more research involving humans — in addition to more anthocyanin-specific research — is needed.

May improve heart health

A diet rich in anthocyanins may boost heart health in several ways.

For starters, anthocyanins may help regulate your blood pressure and prevent it from rising.

In a 12-week study, people who drank 6.6 ounces (200 mL) of anthocyanin-rich cherry juice each day saw their systolic and diastolic blood pressure — the top and bottom numbers of a reading — drop by 7.7 and 1.6 mmHg, respectively (20Trusted Source).

In another, those who drank 10 ounces (300 mL) of anthocyanin-rich plum juice daily saw a significant drop in blood pressure that remained 6 hours later. While participants from all age groups experienced this drop, it was most significant in older adults (21Trusted Source).

In addition, anthocyanins may lower triglyceride and LDL (bad) cholesterol levels while increasing HDL (good) cholesterol levels (6Trusted Source, 22Trusted Source, 23Trusted Source, 24Trusted Source).

Research further suggests that anthocyanin-rich foods like blueberries, cranberries, and freeze-dried grapes may help increase flow-mediated dilation — a measurement of your blood vessels’ ability to widen — in healthy adults (5Trusted Source, 25Trusted Source).

Finally, one review suggests that diets rich in anthocyanins may reduce your risk of heart disease by up to 9% and your risk of dying from this condition by around 8% (26Trusted Source).

May improve your brain function

Anthocyanins may also benefit your brain.

A recent review of randomized control trials — the gold standard in scientific research — suggests that these compounds boost your memory, attention, and brain processing speed (27Trusted Source).

Several other reviews report similar results.

For instance, a review of seven short- and long-term studies claims that diets rich in anthocyanins may improve verbal learning and memory in children, adults, and older adults with cognitive impairment (28Trusted Source).

Another review of 21 long-term studies suggests that supplementing with flavonoids improves attention, memory, and brain processing speed in healthy adults — as well as memory in children and older adults (29Trusted Source).

Interestingly, some studies suggest that certain components in berries, including anthocyanins, may help slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (30Trusted Source, 31Trusted Source).

Anthocyanin-rich cherry juice appears to offer similar benefits. In a 12-week study, older adults with mild to moderate dementia saw significant improvements in verbal fluency and short- and long-term memory after drinking 6.6 ounces (200 mL) of cherry juice each day (20Trusted Source).

Other potential benefits

Anthocyanins may offer a few additional benefits:

  • Antimicrobial effects. One test-tube study suggests that delphinidin — an anthocyanin pigment — may help fight infections from the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium (1Trusted Source).
  • UV protection. Test-tube studies suggest that anthocyanin pigments may safeguard your skin from UVB rays (1Trusted Source).
  • Weight loss. One study in women found that those who followed diets richest in anthocyanin had significantly less body and belly fat than those who followed diets lowest in this compound (32Trusted Source).

However, more research is needed before strong conclusions can be made.

What’s more, in the case of weight loss, it remains unclear whether anthocyanins or some other compound in anthocyanin-rich foods caused the effect.

Summary

The strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of anthocyanins may benefit your brain and heart, as well as reduce your risk of type 2 diabetes and certain cancers.

Anthocyanin-rich foods are generally considered safe. However, the same cannot necessarily be said about anthocyanin supplements.

Anthocyanin supplements may provide larger quantities of polyphenols than you’d typically get from a healthy diet (33Trusted Source).

Animal studies indicate that high dose polyphenol supplements may damage your kidneys, cause tumors, or unbalance your thyroid hormones (33Trusted Source).

Polyphenol supplements may also interact with medications and lower the absorption of certain nutrients from your diet (33Trusted Source).

Therefore, it’s likely best to obtain anthocyanins directly from foods rather than supplements.

Summary

Anthocyanin-rich foods are generally safe. However, anthocyanin supplements may be a cause of concern. Until more is known, it’s likely best to get anthocyanins from food rather than supplements.

Anthocyanins aren’t considered an essential nutrient, which is why most health authorities have yet to establish official recommended daily intakes.

While a variety of anthocyanin supplements are available, they are regulated by the FDA as food, so less strictly than drugs. As such, they may provide larger amounts of polyphenols than what’s beneficial, which may cause more harm than good (33Trusted Source).

Moreover, whole food sources of anthocyanins tend to be rich in a variety of other nutrients, which you would miss if you get anthocyanins solely from supplements.

Therefore, it’s best to obtain anthocyanins from whole foods rather than supplements.

Summary

Anthocyanins can be found in supplement form. However, it’s likely more beneficial to get them directly from foods.

Anthocyanins are a group of antioxidants found in red, blue, and purple fruits and veggies.

A diet rich in these compounds may prevent inflammation and protect against type 2 diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. Regularly eating anthocyanin-rich foods may also benefit your memory and overall brain health.

For best effects, get these antioxidants from fresh, ripe plant foods rather than sourcing them from supplements.

Just one thing

Try this today: Two ways to add a dose of anthocyanins to meals are through a handful of berries at breakfast and some shredded cabbage sprinkled on top of lunches and dinners.